The neck of the tooth, is the part closest to the gum. It is also referred to as the cervical third. Any change in the color and the texture in the cervical third of the tooth means there is an actual lesion.
What are the causes of these lesion, is it only about caries?!

Lesions of the cervical third can be caused by:
1. Abrasion.
Yes, brushing your teeth using the wrong technique, or in an aggressive way can cause wearing of the enamel surface especially where it has minimal thickness in the cervical third.
2. Bruxism and malocclusion.
Bad habits as bruxism (clinching) cause an increase in the occlusal forces, which become concentrated in the cervical region causing flat saucer shaped lesion.
Malocclusion cause the same thing, the only difference is that, the changed direction of the occlusal forces that become concentrated at on area, causing breaking of the cervical enamel prisms and lead to V-shaped lesion.
3. Erosion.
Drinking too much juice that contain acid, as lemon or orange juice, or suffering from gastric reflux can dissolve the enamel on the cervical third, causing flat saucer shaped lesions.
4. Caries.
Bad oral hygiene indicates the presence of dental plaque, that leads to demineralization of the enamel causing first white spot lesion then caries.
Dental plaque also leads to inflammation of the gingiva, followed by periodontitis that leads to gingival recession which increase the risk of root caries.

Symptoms:
The patient usually complains of sensitivity with sweets, hot, cold or even pressure.
>What to do to these lesion?
It depends on the symptoms and extent of damage.
First, the underlying cause needs to be diagnosed and managed.
If there are no symptoms and they are not cosmetically detrimental, then they are left alone.
If they cause sensitivity, then the sensivity needs to be managed.
They are indicated for restoration, if they are cosmetically important, or they are too big which means exposure of the nerve is eminent, or they are too sensitive to be treated with the conservative methods

Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to a decreased density of bone and subsequent increase in risk of fracture. Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine.
Osteoporosis affects millions of people all over the world. It affects men and women of all races. Women are four times more likely to develop osteoporosis. Research has shown that post-menopausal white and Asian women are at highest risk. Medications, healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise can help prevent bone loss and strengthen already weak bones. There is recent research showing that women who drink wine in moderation tend to have higher bone density than those who abstain from alcohol.

The first step is to get your osteoporosis under control and limit the further effects of the disease. This includes seeing a physician to prescribe the proper medications, diet, and exercise routine. The next step is to see us – your implant dentist – for a full evaluation. This evaluation will include your overall health, your oral health, as well as the degree of your osteoporosis.
Some considerations before having dental implants placed include:
–State Of Oral Health. A major factor in the failure of dental implants is the presence of gum disease. With a patient already being compromised with osteoporosis, it becomes very important that the patient is free from gum disease.
–Strength, Density, And Volume Of Bone Tissue. You need to have some good quality bone left to have an implant last, healing will be prolonged, so volume of bone is extremely important.
–Medications. This includes medications you are taking for osteoporosis as well as other medications which could counteract those medications. Bisphosphanates have been long known to keep the body from reabsorbing bone tissue, but they also appear to affect your ability to heal after a dental implant procedure. Biphosphonates can increase the risk of biphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (also called BONJ). When BONJ occurs, the bone tissue actually begins to die due to inadequate blood supply.
–Is The Patient A Smoker? Smoking has long been a failure factor in dental implants as well as bone loss. Nicotine reduces blood supply to the bones in the jaw.
–Presence Of Systemic Disease. This can include a decreased immune system or diabetes. Good health is important for good healing.
If you have been diagnosed with osteoporosis, dental implants may still be an option. If osteoporosis has affected other parts of your body, it might not necessarily have caused decrease in jawbone mass or breakdown of these tissues. Recent research (International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, Vol 21: 349) has shown a lowered success rate in patients with osteoporosis but the difference was less than 2%. The general success rate for dental implants is about 97% whereas the success rate in this limited study was 95%. The study also showed that bone grafting was successful as well.

So you got a dental filling, or restoration. Your tooth has been filled. What does that exactly mean? what has been pout in your tooth and why?
Let us start from the beginning. Why do we need a filing in the first place?

When your tooth gets decayed, the decay eats out your tooth structure. Teeth do not heal, so whatever tooth structure is gone, will never be replaced. Hence we need a material to replace it, or restore what has been lost, a restoration.

• Step one starts by getting rid of all the decay, and removing any weak tooth structure.
• Step two, is to condition the tooth to receive the final restoration. This however involves several
• Step three is packing the restoration, curing it, and polishing it.

The restoration materials used in dentistry are harmful to the pulp of the tooth. The pulp is a connective tissue structure that resides in the core of the tooth. The material can reach the pulp via seeping through canals present in the dentine of the tooth called dentinal tubules.

• The first step of conditioning the tooth involves protecting the pulp. This entails placing a protective layer to seal the dentinal tubules. This is usually achieved by using calcium hydroxide layer.
• Calcium hydroxide however can desolve by the resin used later to glue the final restoration. Hence a base layer made of Glass ionomer – contain a basic glass and an acidic polymer liquid, which set by an acid-base reaction. The polymer is an ionomer, containing a small proportion – some 5 to 10% – of substituted ionic groups. These allow it to be acid decomposable and clinically set readily.The glass filler is generally a calcium alumino fluorosilicate powder, which upon reaction with a polyalkenoic acid gives a glass polyalkenoate-glass residue set in an ionised polycarboxylate matrix. -is used on top of the calcium hydroxide.
• An acid, 37% phosphoric acid, is used to chemically etch the enamel and make it more retentive.
• The resin (glue) is applied to the tooth structure.
• The final restoration, which is a filled resin called composite is packed as the final restoration. Composite is made up of a matrix made of BISGMA, UDMA, or semi-crystalline polyceram (PEX) with an inorganic filler, like silica.

Conclusion:
Various materials are packed into your tooth to make up the final restoration.

The concept of an overdenture means you will still have a removable denture. Why not do something fixed?
People who lose all their teeth find the idea of having implant-retained denture very appealing. The idea gets more appealing if they were told, the new teeth will be fixed to your jaw, which means, you cannot take them out. However, that poses another question, Should I take them out?
In reality, any prosthesis will trap food remnants, and teeth screwed into the jaw with implants are no exception.
If you have a set of fake teeth (dentures), would not you prefer to be able to clean them and get rid of whatever gets stuck underneath?
I think, your answer, is probably yes. Hence, it is better to have removable dentures rather than fixed ones.
In overdnetures, we place four or six implants. These implants will make the denture comfortable, and do not move at all, but by the end of the day, you can take them out, and clean them. This will save you from inflamed gums, bad breath, and bad taste.
Conclusion:
Overdentures are better than fixed options, like All-on-4